Model calibration experiments for seasonalizing anthropogenic CO2. Two CCSM simulations using differing biosphere models (CASA' and CN) were forced with ... where anthropogenic carbon dioxide was prescribed over an annual average. CASA' and CN simulations were contrasted for model discrepancy. These two simulations were also contrasted against two additional simulations for which the amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide was seasonally varied based according to a harmonic function that accounts for latitude and season. Seasonally varying the contribution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide to component sum of atmospheric carbon dioxide accounts for changing fossil fuel preferences, their consumption, and differential release into the atmosphere by season.

In model results disparity is the difference between annualized simulations, which hold anthropogenic carbon dioxide constant throughout a year, and seasonalized simulations, which vary anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions according to latitude and season. Discrepancy is the difference between biosphere models (i.e. CASA' and CN).

Computations

Maps illustrating difference in CO2 concentration of each grid cell (G) between its seasonally adjusted, Gs, and non-seasonally adjusted concentration, Gns, at each time step is calculated as:

Gs - Gns (1)

Global mean disparity. The global mean for the molar fraction of CO2 at each time step from the ith to the jth grid cell is calculated as:

(Gi,s - Gi,ns) + (Gi+1,s - Gi+1,ns) + ... + (Gj,s - Gj,ns)
j
(2)

CO2 Concentration Maps

Annualized CASA' 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps


Seasonalized CASA' 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps


Annualized CN 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps


Seasonalized CN 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps




CO2 Disparity Maps

CASA' Jan. 2004

Jan 2004 CASA' difference maps


CASA' Jul. 2004

Jul 2004 CASA' difference maps


CN Jan. 2004

Jan 2004 CN difference maps


CN Jul. 2004

Jul 2004 CN difference maps




Animated CO2 Disparity Maps

CASA' 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps


CN 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' difference maps


CASA' vs. CN (nonseasonalized) 1995-2004

Loop of CASA' vs. CN difference maps




Time Series

Model Discrepancy in Annualized Simulations of Philadelphia & Rural Western Germany

Time series plot of CO2 concentration


Model Discrepancy in Seasonalized Simulations of Philadelphia & Rural Western Germany

Time series plot of CO2 concentration


Disparity & Model Discrepancy for Rural Western Germany

Time series plot of CO2 concentration


Disparity & Model Discrepancy for Philadelphia

Time series plot of CO2 concentration


Disparity in vertical CO2 profile between nonseasonalized and seasonalized CASA

Time series plot of CO2 gradient


Disparity in vertical CO2 profile between nonseasonalized and seasonalized CN

Time series plot of CO2 gradient


CASA Global CO2 Difference (nonseasonalized - seasonalized)

Time series plot of CO2 gradient


CN Global CO2 Difference (nonseasonalized - seasonalized)

Time series plot of CO2 gradient


CASA Global Component CO2 Difference (nonseasonalized - seasonalized)


CN Global Component CO2 Difference (nonseasonalized - seasonalized)


CASA Residuals of Global Mean Annual CO2 extremes

Time series of difference in annual CO2 extremes


CN Residuals of Global Mean Annual CO2 extremes

Time series of difference in annual CO2 extremes


CASA' Over- & Under-estimation of CO2

Scatter plot of CO2 residuals


CN Over- & Under-estimation of CO2

Scatter plot of CO2 residuals




Tracers

CO2 Tracers for CASA' and CN

Time series of CO2 tracers


Net Ecosystem Exchange for CASA' biosphere model

Time series of NEE in CASA


Net Ecosystem Exchange for CN biosphere model

Time series of NEE in CN




CO2 (PPM) monthly means, mins, maxs, standard deviations for global and Continental US domains (1995-2004)

CASA

Global CASA difference (nonseas.-seas.) for 1995-2004, 81920 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1  -14.2   17.5    2.2    1.4
  2  -12.4   15.9    2.1    1.3
  3  -11.3   14.2    2.1    1.0
  4   -9.4   15.1    2.1    0.9
  5   -9.7   15.8    2.2    0.9
  6  -13.3   14.7    2.2    1.0
  7   -9.8   15.8    2.2    1.1
  8  -10.9   14.7    2.1    1.3
  9   -9.7   14.3    2.1    1.1
 10  -10.8   14.3    2.1    1.2
 11  -11.5   18.8    2.0    1.3
 12  -17.1   23.3    2.1    1.4

ConUS CASA difference (nonseas.-seas.) for 1995-2004, 1980 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1  -12.7    9.4    1.7    1.9
  2   -5.7    9.2    1.9    1.4
  3   -4.9    8.6    1.9    1.1
  4   -3.6    6.8    2.2    1.0
  5   -5.7    9.2    2.0    1.4
  6   -5.8   10.4    1.9    1.7
  7   -9.8    8.7    1.3    2.2
  8  -10.9    9.0    1.2    2.3
  9   -5.7    7.9    1.6    1.7
 10   -5.9    7.5    1.5    1.4
 11   -6.1    7.8    2.1    1.4
 12   -4.2   10.1    2.0    1.6



CN

Global CN difference (nonseas.-seas.) for 1995-2004, 81920 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1   -1.6    0.2   -0.1    0.1
  2   -1.5    0.2   -0.1    0.1
  3   -1.4    0.4   -0.1    0.1
  4   -1.8    0.5   -0.1    0.1
  5   -1.9    1.1   -0.0    0.1
  6   -1.6    1.5   -0.0    0.1
  7   -2.2    1.6    0.0    0.1
  8   -1.8    1.3    0.0    0.1
  9   -2.7    1.2    0.0    0.2
 10   -2.2    0.9    0.0    0.2
 11   -1.9    0.6   -0.0    0.2
 12   -2.4    0.2   -0.1    0.2

ConUS CN difference (nonseas.-seas.) for 1995-2004, 1980 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1   -1.6   -0.0   -0.3    0.2
  2   -1.1   -0.0   -0.2    0.1
  3   -1.2    0.3   -0.1    0.1
  4   -1.4    0.5   -0.1    0.1
  5   -1.3    0.7   -0.0    0.2
  6   -1.6    0.6   -0.0    0.2
  7   -1.7    0.6    0.0    0.2
  8   -1.8    1.0    0.1    0.2
  9   -2.1    1.2    0.1    0.3
 10   -2.2    0.8    0.1    0.3
 11   -1.7    0.2   -0.0    0.2
 12   -1.8    0.1   -0.2    0.3



Model Discrepancy between CASA & CN

Global CASA,CN difference for 1995-2004, 81920 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1  -49.4  -19.1  -34.7    1.9
  2  -51.5  -17.9  -34.7    1.9
  3  -51.6  -17.0  -34.2    2.0
  4  -51.9  -18.2  -33.8    2.3
  5  -58.3  -19.8  -33.6    2.4
  6  -57.4  -21.2  -34.2    2.0
  7  -56.1  -23.1  -35.4    2.1
  8  -57.1  -22.7  -36.4    2.7
  9  -55.7  -20.6  -36.3    2.4
 10  -51.4  -14.3  -35.6    2.1
 11  -50.5  -16.8  -35.3    2.1
 12  -53.2  -14.9  -35.1    2.2

ConUS CASA,CN difference for 1995-2004, 1980 records
Month  Min  Max  Mean Std-dev
  1  -49.4  -19.1  -34.7    1.9
  1  -40.6  -27.9  -34.7    2.0
  2  -39.8  -27.2  -34.3    1.7
  3  -39.2  -27.3  -33.6    1.5
  4  -39.1  -24.7  -32.6    1.9
  5  -42.4  -25.6  -32.6    2.2
  6  -44.5  -24.9  -33.5    2.4
  7  -47.4  -26.2  -35.5    2.7
  8  -49.5  -25.9  -37.4    3.1
  9  -48.6  -29.7  -38.1    2.7
 10  -45.6  -27.4  -37.4    2.2
 11  -43.1  -28.2  -35.6    2.1
 12  -42.9  -23.6  -35.1    2.5